Los investigadores han comprobado que un simple gen puede crear decenas o incluso cientos de proteínas diferentes, según cómo la célula lee su información genética y cómo las proteínas estén agrupadas o modificadas químicamente. Es decir la “información genética” no está solo en el ADN. Es el resultado de la interacción del ADN (muy importante, pero no el que “la contiene”) con su entorno celular, lo que incluye proteínas, ARN (la molécula imprescindible para “traducir” y dirigir la información) y el ambiente celular, a su vez, dependiente del ambiente externo.
ADN la molécula milagrosa. Máximo Sandín, 2003.
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Multiple large-scale gene and genome duplications during the evolution of hexapods.
2018, Zheng Li, George P. Tiley, Sally R. Galuska, and Michael S. Barker.
An intron with a constitutive transport element is retained in a Tap messenger RNA.
2006, Ying Li, Yeou-cherng Bor, Yukiko Misawa, Yuming Xue, David Rekosh and Marie-Louise Hammarskjöld
Evolution: Alternative splicing of RNA rewires signaling in different tissues, may contribute to species differences.
2012, Anne Trafton.
Genomics Is Not Enough.
2011, Aravinda Chakravarti.
Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution.
2004, Lucinda A. Fulton, Elaine R. Mardis1 & Richard K. Wilson.
Are dogs genetically special?
2011, KPW Hedrick and L Andersson.
Transcriptional regulation of protein complexes within and across species.
2007, Kai Tan, Tomer Shlomi, Hoda Feizi, Trey Ideker, and Roded Sharan.
Long-range transcriptional regulation of vertebrate developmental genes and the evolution of genome architecture.
2008, Pavla Navrátilová.
Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles.
2005, Aravind Subramaniana, Pablo Tamayoa, Vamsi K. Moothaa, Sayan Mukherjeed, Benjamin L. Eberta, Michael A. Gillettea, Amanda Paulovichg, Scott L. Pomeroyh, Todd R. Goluba, Eric S. Landera, and Jill P. Mesirova.
Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project.
2007, The ENCODE Project Consortium.
Drosophila microRNAs exhibit diverse spatial expression patterns during embryonic development.
2005, A. Aziz Aboobaker, Pavel Tomancak, Nipam Patel, Gerald M. Rubin, and Eric C. Lai.
The Evolution of Controlled Multitasked Gene Networks: The Role of Introns and Other Noncoding RNAs in the Development of Complex Organisms.
2001, John S. Mattick and Michael J. Gagen.
Thinking about evolution in terms of cellular computing.
2005, James A. Shapiro.
Functional noncoding sequences derived from SINEs in the mammalian genome.
2006, Hidenori Nishihara, Arian F.A. Smit and Norihiro Okada.
What is a gene, post-ENCODE? History and updated definition.
2007, Mark B. Gerstein, Can Bruce, Joel S. Rozowsky, Deyou Zheng, Jiang Du, Jan O. Korbel, Olof Emanuelsson, Zhengdong D. Zhang, Sherman Weissman and Michael Snyder.
Sea Anemone Provides a New View of Animal Evolution.
2007, Elizabeth Pennisi.
Human genes are multitaskers.
2008, Heidi Ledford.
Abundance of Ribosomal RNA Gene Copies Maintains Genome Integrity.
2010, Satoru Ide, Takaaki Miyazaki, Hisaji Maki, Takehiko Kobayashi.
Genome project turns up evolutionary surprises.
Erika Check.
Alternative splicing and RNA selection pressure evolutionary consequences for eukaryotic genomes.
2006, Yi Xing and Christopher Lee.
Genetic information: Codes and enigmas.
2006, Helen Pearson.
Genetics: What is a gene?
2006, Helen Pearson.
Gene regulation: Breaking the second genetic code.
2010, J. Ramón Tejedor1 & Juan Valcárcel.
The logic of chromatin architecture and remodelling at promoters.
2009, Bradley R. Cairns.
Stalled polymerases and transcriptional regulation.
2007, John W Tamkun.
The human genome contains many types of chimeric retrogenes generated through in vivo RNA recombination.
2003, Anton Buzdin, Elena Gogvadze, Elena Kovalskaya, Pavel Volchkov, Svetlana Ustyugova, Anna Illarionova, Alexey Fushan, Tatiana Vinogradova and Eugene Sverdlov.